Lime is added to black cotton soil and stabilization takes place by virtue of pozzolanic reaction. Road construction on the black cotton soil region or low bearing capacity soil is difficult. Introduction in india, expansive soils are called as black cotton soil. Table 1 physical properties of black cotton soil property observation colour black liquid limit 60% plastic limit 29% plasticity index 31% shrinkage limit 12. Soil stabilization is the process which involves enhancing the physical properties of the soil in order to improve its strength, durability etc. Though black cotton soil plays a vital role in agriculture but it is posing many difficulties in civil engineering aspect. Density, lime, black cotton soil, stabilization, california bearing ratiocbr. These soils contain 2 micron clay fraction varying between 50 to 70 per cent, sand 1 5 to 25 per cent, silt. Augmenting the properties of black cotton soil using additives. Those soils are often referred to as regur but are popularly known as black cotton soils, since cotton has been the most common traditional crop in areas where they are found.
At the liquid limit, the volume change is of the order of 200 % to 300% and results in swelling pressure as high as 8 kgcm2. The chemical composition of fly ash is given in table 3. Stabilization of black cotton soil for pavement using fly ash. Engineering properties of black cotton soil biology essay abstract in this paper, the basic geotechnical and physical properties of black cotton soil sample collected from anantapur andhra pradesh was investigated. The physical properties of black cotton soil bc soil vary from place to place. This black cotton soils occurs mostly in the central and western parts and covers approximately 20% of the total area of india. Stone crusher dust as a fine aggregate in concrete, file format. The black cotton soil possesses a lot of problem to any structure constructed over it due to. Physical and chemical characteristics of the soils from the erosion experiment stations by h.
This work involves stabilization of black cotton soils from northeastern nigeria with sodium silicate. Due to the presence of clay content soils exabits tendency to swell when they come. Analysis of engineering properties of black cotton soil. Hence foundation in black cotton soil need special care. The chief properties of soil which are of interest to engineers are volume stability, strength, compressibility, permeability and durability ingles and. Jan 09, 2016 black cotton soil, a cohesive soil, is considered a problematic soil for civil engineers. Jul, 2017 black soils are highly argillaceous, very fine grained and dark, and contain a high proportion of calcium and magnesium carbonates.
Besides advantages of black soil, there are some disadvantages or problems of black soil. The decision to technological usage depends on which soil properties have to be modified. View black cotton soil research papers on academia. Black cotton soil article about black cotton soil by the. Regur means cotton best soil for cotton cultivation. It also decides the appropriate method of supplementing the deficient. Stabilisation of black cotton soil using admixtures pankaj r. Expansive soils, popularly known as black cotton soils in india are, amongst the most problematic soils from civil engineering construction point of view. To study different mix proportion at different moisture content with types of soil available. Comparison of brick made from black cotton soil with various admixture to the normal. K katti introduction black cotton soil deposits in india are a boon to farmers but are problematic to civil engineers. Black cotton soil using bioenzyme and bagasse ash civil engineering ce project topics, base paper, synopsis ideas, abstract, report, source code, full pdf, working details for civil engineering, structural, construction, diploma, phd, btech, be, mtech and msc college students.
Pdf stabilization of soils is an effective method for improvement of soil properties and the pavement system performance. To make experimental work easy and avoid the misinterpretation. Swells and will become sticky when wet and shrink when dried. Effect of quarry dust on index properties of black cotton soil aditya chansoria1 r k. Pdf analysis of engineering properties of black cotton. The hydrated lime reacts with the clay particles and permanently. Byebs, principal chemist, division of soil chemistry and physicst soil investigations, bureau of chemistry and 8oils contents page introduction 1. Foundations in black cotton soils the construction civil. Effect of rbi81 on properties of black cotton soil najia nouf1, sureka naagesh2 1assistant professor, department of civil engineering, mit, mysore 2professor, department of civil engineering, bms college of engineering, bangalore19 abstract construction activities on expansive soils are. The most important characteristic of the soil is, when dry, it shrinks and is hard like stone and has very high bearing capacity. Among various admixtures available lime, fly ash and. The black cotton soil taken for the present study was obtained from harihara, davanagere distict, karnataka.
The cost of construction project can be reduced considerably. These soils expand and become sticky during rainy season and contract during the dry season causing deep cracks into the soil. In table 1, grain size and index properties of black cc. Effect of rbi81 on properties of black cotton soil ijrdet.
A study on engineering behavior of black cotton soil and. Stabilisation of black cotton soils using fly ash, hubballi. Black cotton soil black cotton soil has a tendency to shrink and swell excessively. The physical properties of black cotton soil bc soil vary from place to place 40 % to 60 % of the black cotton soil bc soil has a size less than 0. Black cotton soil consists of clay minerals like montmorrilonite, illite and kaolinite, chemicals like iron oxide and calcium carbonate in the form of kankars, and organic matter like humus. It has characteristics of swelling during rains and shrinking during summer. Stabilization of maiduguri black cotton soils of nigeria with. Black cotton soil to optimize cement proportion with. A cement lime mixture has been commonly applied for improving black cotton soils. Typical behavior of these soils under different climatic conditions has made the construction and maintenance of the roads not only expensive, but also difficult. Two strategies proposed for achieving stability of buildings and road construction on black cotton soils of adamawa state. Effect of common salt nacl on index properties of black. The physical and chemical properties of coir sample are. The following methods are generally adopted to meet the characteristics of foundations in black cotton soils, 1 foundation loads are limited to 5 tonnessq.
Foundations in black cotton soil civil engineering. There are also some studies indicating use of cement with sand, example ramteke et al. Black cotton soils for the study were derived from indrasagar rockfill dam, polavaram, andhra pradesh india from a depth of 1m, 1. The swelling and shrinkage behavior of black cotton soil originate mainly from. The different types of method used for soil stabilization are soil. Experimental work has been carried out with 3% and 5% of lime content. Conclusions 1 duration of treatment of soil with bioenzyme played a vital role in improvement of strength and soil treated with bioenzyme for 7 days gives higher strength. The effect of lime stabilization on properties of black. The black cotton soil used in this study is a highly plastic. List of projects related to soil engineering 1 lime flyash soil blocks 2 plastic as soil stabilizer 3 study on soil cement blocks. The geotechnical properties of black cotton soil treated with crushed glass cullet eberemu, adrian. Most of the soils are black in colour and are good for growing cotton.
After identifying the various properties viz plastic limit, liquid limit, plasticity index, california bearing ratio test, unconfined. The identification tests were conducted on these collected soil samples to confirm whether it is a black cotton soil or not and to know the properties of the collected soil samples. Black cotton soils are inorganic clays of medium to high compressibility and form a major soil group in india. Water table in the areas of black cotton soils is deep hence it is the rain water and storm water which is to be prevented from coming into contact with black cotton soil of the active zone. Muntohar and hantoro 2000, 2 had studied the stabilizing effects of rha and lime on engineering properties of expansive soil and had found improvement in engineering properties like ip, cbr, shear strength parameters etc. Black cotton soil sample which is used for the study is taken from an area called bhimavaram which is located in east godavari district of andhra pradesh state in india. Black cotton soil when comes in contact with water it either swells or. They are of variable thickness, underlain by black sticky material known as black soil. Abstract black cotton soils are predominantly available in india. In this paper the geotechnical properties of polymer soil stabilizer is analysed with the help of detailed geotechnical investigation.
A reaction takes place between hydrated lime and clay particles and resulting in formation of permanent strong cementation matrix. Pdf geotechnical investigation of black cotton soils. Introduction the basic principles of soil stabilization include evaluating the properties of given soil and assessing the deficient property due to which the soil is considered weak. The geology and geotechnical properties of the black cotton. Introduction black cotton soil are found in extensive region of deccan trap in indian. This is because of the mineralogical properties of the clay. Search for solutions to problems in black cotton soils by r. They are characterized by high shrinkage and swelling properties. Black cotton soil bears undesirable engineering properties like variation in volume with change in water content. Problems of black soil disadvantages of black soil. Various researchers had tried stabilizing black cotton soil using lime, cement, fly ash, rich husk ash, etc. Sand is added 10 % and cement is added 2 % up to 30 %. Study of strenth charataristic of black cotton stablizing.
Comparison of brick made from black cotton soil with. Properties of black cotton soil define as per bis standards and properties of black cotton soil, rice husk ash and fly ash are tabulated on table methodology. Effect of granite dust in improving engineering properties. When these type of soil come in contact with water, they swell and when becomes dry, it shrinks. Selfploughing is a characteristic of the black soil as it develops wide cracks when dried.
The quarry dust sample which is used in improving the black cotton soil characteristics is taken from tekkali srikakulam. Stabilisation of black cotton soils, fly ash, hubballidharwad municipal corporation, karnataka, india. In india, most of indias black cotton soils occupy an estimated area of 74 million hectares. Various geotechnical properties of virgin black cotton soil and contaminated black cotton soil contaminated black cotton soil properties of soil virgin black cotton soil c5 c10 c15 specific gravity 2. Physical and chemical properties of soil biology discussion. Of the various factors that affect the swelling behaviour of these soils, the basic mineralogical composition is very important. The black color in black cotton soil bc soil is due to the presence of titanium oxide in small concentration. Coir has been widely used as a reinforcement material for soil. Most of these soils are black in colour and are good for growing cotton. Foundations on black cotton soil civil engineering community. The geology and geotechnical properties of the black cotton soils of northeastern nigeria. Black cotton soil showing low to medium swelling potential from latur, maharashtra was used for determining the basic properties of the soil. In this work, the black cotton soil is stabilized with sand and cement, black cotton soil is extracted from chintakommadinne area and different engineering and index properties were studied to suggest the optimum percentage of sand and cement to stabilize the expansive soil. Jul 15, 2017 black cotton soils also called regur soils are generally clayey, deep and impermeable.
Engineering properties of black cotton soil modified with fly. Physical and geotechnical properties of the soil samples were studied in the laboratory. Engineering properties of black cotton soil biology essay. Plasticity index is one of the important properties of soil to determine the behavior of soil in presence of water. This soil is found in extensive regions of the deccan. What are the difference between clay and black cotton soil. Adobe pdf, dust is presented some of the physical and mechanical properties of paving blocks, river sand with quarry dust without the inclusion of fly ash resulted in a reduction in the. Study notes on black cotton soil building engineering. Stabilization occurs when lime is added to black cotton soil and a pozzolanic reaction takes place. They are very tenacious of moisture and exceedingly sticky, when wet. Use of geosynthetic material to improve the properties of.
Physical properties of black cotton soil, local clay, sand and fly ash properties black soil clay sand fly ash. Alternative soils or aggregates suitable for base construction are very difficult to obtain in these localities. Jul 01, 2018 the following precautions are generally adopted while building structures on black cotton soil 1. Black cotton soil which is taken was subjected to air dry and the essential file properties were tried, whose outcomes are given beneath. Some of these soils have reddish brown and grey colour. Comparison of brick made from black cotton soil with various. Engineering properties of black cotton soil modified with. Pdf black cotton soil modification by the application of waste. Due to this property, the strength and other properties of black cotton soil is very poor.
It can be done by improving properties of soil of the construction area. These soils are generally found in maharashtra, western madhya pradesh, gujarat and parts of. Analysis of strength characteristics of black cotton soil. Improving properties of black cotton soil with quarry dust manuscript id. Improvement of bearing capacity of black cotton soil using. The optimization of lime have been done by adding various percentages of lime to the black cotton soil and fly ash mixture based on the various test results, it was found that 3% lime is optimum for expansive black cotton soil. The geotechnical properties of these materials are given in table 2. This alternate process of swelling and shrinking results in the differential settlement of foundation which in turn causes cracks in building. The soil prevails generally in central and southern parts of india.
The lake chad basin is an extensive quaternary lacustrine deposit of black clay soils. Here designation 30fe6l mean 30% eaf dust mixed with 70% black cotton soil and 6% dolime fine of total weight is added. Properties of soil after laboratory investigations are given below. Chavhan india the biggest handicap is to provide a complete abstractstabilization of black cotton soil bc soil is studied by using lime and fly ash. Black cotton soil samples were collected from three locations within the studied area and their natural geotechnical properties determined in the laboratory. A study on engineering behavior of black cotton soil and its. Black cotton definition is a soil formed in the deccan region of india by the disintegration of a black lava. Black cotton soils also called regur soils are generally clayey, deep and impermeable.
Harirang haribhau shinde2 1 research scholar, m2, kasliwal vishwa, ulka nagari, aurangabad 2principal, jawaharlal. The effect of lime stabilization on properties of black cotton soil. Practical problems of highway construction in black cotton. Study of geotechnical properties of black cotton soil. Index terms soil stabilization, fly ash, lime, black cotton soil, pavement.
The poorest soil among all is black cotton soil bc soil. Pdf experimental investigation on physical properties of. Black soils are highly argillaceous, very fine grained and dark, and contain a high proportion of calcium and magnesium carbonates. Pdf study of black cotton soil characteristics with cement waste.
List of projects related to soil engineering 1 lime flyash soil blocks 2 plastic as soil stabilizer 3 study on soilcement blocks. Chanuhan rajiv and et al 2009 has studies the strength improvement of soil treated with lime and flyash mix for durability criteria. Stabilization of black cotton soil using sodium chloride. To study the different properties of soil in south uttar pradesh region. Black cotton soil using bioenzyme and bagasse ash civil. Improving properties of black cotton soil with quarry dust. Mineralogical analysis shows the soils to be predominantly kaolinite and mont morillonite. Assessment of geotechnical properties of black cotton soil blended. The effect of lime stabilization on properties of black cotton soil nadgouda, k. Effects of rice husk ash and fly ash on index properties of black cotton soil madhusudan ramchandra vaidya1, dr. Modification of black cotton soils by chemical admixtures is a common stabilization method for such soils. Apart from this black cotton soil should be removed from the sides of the foundation and filled with sand and gravel. Physical properties of the soil can be discussed under the following heads. Black cotton soil is heavy clay soil, varying from clay to loam.
Among the in situ soils of india, the black soils found in the lavacovered areas are the most conspicuous. Stabilization stabilization of of of black black black cotton. Mineral fraction of soil consists of particles of various sizes. In madhya pradesh most of the area is covered with black cotton soil, which is highly cohesive and expensive in nature. In these type of foundation the structure is anchored to the ground at a depth where ground movement due to changes in moisture content negligible. Stabilization of soils is an effective method for improvement of soil properties and the pavement system performance. Search for solutions to problems in black cotton soils. Montmorrilonite is the predominant mineral of black cotton soils. This article provides study notes on black cotton soil. Cracking when dry and swelling when wet makes them difficult to manage, unless they are cultivated at appropriate soil moisture levels. Expansive soil under study was collected dried and pulverized into the required sizes and tested for properties like gradation,compaction, strength as per is2720 and the results are shown in table1 and fig1 table. Pdf utilization of bamboo fibers for modification of. Over the past few decades, stabilization is found to be the best technique for reducing the swelling and shrinkage nature of black cotton soil. This research study describes the feasibility of using black cotton soil as a raw material with some additional.
The black cotton soil bc soil has a high percentage of clay, which is predominantly montmorillonite in structure and black or blackish grey in color. Black cotton soil to study the proportion mix of material phosphogyspum for soil stabilization. The paper presents the laboratory and field test results carried out on the black cotton soil section of a proposed road between biu and maiduguri in north eastern nigeria. Laboratory investigations show that this soil consists of abundant proportions of montmorillonite and generally poses a major problem for civil engineering construction due to high volume changes.
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